The Effect of Previous Covid-19 Infection on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of Covid-19 infection in the first trimester of pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Material-Method: The retrospective descriptive study was conducted by scanning the files of pregnant women who applied to the Obstetrics outpatient clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Gynecology, Child Health and Diseases E.A.H. between 11.03.2020, the pandemic start date, and 30.05.2022. The study group consisted of single pregnant women (n=150), aged 18-45 years, who did not have any additional disease, and who were not vaccinated against Covid-19, who had a 50 gr Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. The next single pregnant woman applying to the clinic, who did not have the Covid-19 infection, had a 50 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, was aged between 18-45 years, had no additional disease, and was not vaccinated against Covid-19, was enrolled in the study control group (n=150). The rates of gestational diabetes diagnosis of pregnant women in the study and control groups were compared. Results: It was determined that 12 (8.0%) of 150 pregnant women in the study group and only 4 (2.7%) of 150 pregnant women in the control group were diagnosed with GDM, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.040). As a result of logistic regression analysis;it was determined that the diagnosis of Covid-19 was an important parameter affecting the risk of gestational diabetes (p<0.05), and the risk of gestational diabetes was found to be 3.174 times higher in those diagnosed with Covid-19 (OR=3.174). Conclusion: It is obvious that stress caused by covid-19 infection in pregnant women, acute damage to pancreatic islets, and resulting hypercoagulability may increase GDM by disrupting glucose metabolism. Considering that GDM is a disease that brings not only perinatal risks but also long-term chronic metabolic complications, it is clear that special attention should be paid to vaccination and prevention measures to protect pregnant women from extra risk factors such as Covid-19 infection. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebeliğin ilk trimesterinde geçirilmiş Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun Gestasyonel Diabetes Mellitus üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Materyal-Metod: Çalışma retrospektif tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olup, pandemi başlangıç tarihi olan 11.03.2020 ile 30.05.2022 tarihleri arasında Ankara Dr Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları E.A.H. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Bölümü Obstetrik Polikliniği'ne başvuran gebelerin dosyalarının taranması ile yürütülmüştür. 50 gr Oral Glukoz Tolerans Testi bakılmış olan, 18-45 yaş aralığındaki, ek hastalığı olmayan, Covid-19 aşısı yapılmamış olan tekil gebeler çalışma grubunu (n=150) oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubuna dahil edilen her gebeden bir sonraki Covid-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmemiş, 50 gr Oral Glukoz Tolerans Testi bakılmış olan, 18-45 yaş aralığındaki, ek hastalığı olmayan, Covid-19 aşısı yapılmamış olan tekil gebeler de kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur (n=150). Çalışma ve kontrol grubunu oluşturan gebelerin gestasyonel diabet saptanma oranları karşılaştırılmıştır. Results: Çalışma grubundaki 150 gebeden 12'sinin (%8,0), kontrol grubundaki 150 gebeden ise sadece 4'ünün (%2,7) GDM tanısı aldığı saptanmış olup, aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,040). Lojistik regresyon analizi sonucunda;Covid-19 tanısı alma durumunun, gestasyonel diyabet riski durumunu etkileyen önemli bir parametre olduğu tespit edilmiş olup (p<0,05), Covid-19 tanısı alanların gestasyonel diyabet riskinin 3,174 kat daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (OR=3,174). Conclusion: Gebelerde covid-19 enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu stres, pankreas adacıklarında yol açabileceği akut hasar ve ortaya çıkan hiperkoagülabilitenin glukoz metabolizmasına bozarak GDM'yi arttırabileceği açıktır. GDM' sadece perinatal riskleri değil uzun süreli kronik metabolik komplikasyonları da beraberinde getiren bir hastalık olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda gebeleri Covid-19 enfeksiyonu gibi ekstra risk faktörlerinden korumada aşılamaya ve korunma tedbirlerine özellikle önem verilmesi gerektiği açıktır. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Gazi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine on ovarian reserve.

OBJECTIVES: To Evaluate the effect of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines developed for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) on ovarian reserve. METHODS: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out between June and September 2021, in the Gynecology Polyclinics of a tertiary hospital, Ankara, Turkey, with 60 patients. Patients between the ages of 25-30 years old, who applied to the gynecology outpatient clinic and who were considering mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were included in the study group, and those who did not plan to be vaccinated were included in the control group. Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) was examined before vaccination (1-5 days before vaccination) and within 60-90 days after vaccination. In the unvaccinated group, AMH was examined once. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 27.30±1.66 and of the control group was 27.40±1.69 (p<0.05). Post-vaccine AMH values of the study and control groups were similar (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between pre-vaccine and post-vaccine AMH values in the study group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It is of great value that people who are planning pregnancy and who have hesitation regarding the effect of vaccines on ovarian reserve should be carefully informed that vaccines, which are one of the most important means of fighting against COVID-19 infection, have no effect on AMH levels. Prospective larger studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to confirm our results.

Comparative Assessment of Sera from Individuals after S-Gene RNA-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination with Spike-Protein-Based and Nucleocapsid-Based Serological Assays.

Due to the beginning of vaccination against COVID-19, serological discrimination between vaccine-associated humoral response and serology-based surveillance of natural SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as breakthrough infections becomes an issue of relevance. Here, we assessed the differentiated effects of the application of an RNA vaccine using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes on the results of both anti-spike protein-based serology (EUROIMMUN) and anti-nucleocapsid-based serology (VIROTECH). A total of 80 serum samples from vaccinees acquired at different time points after vaccination was assessed. While positive or borderline serological response in the anti-spike protein assay was observed for all samples (90% both IgG and IgA, 6.3% IgA only, 3.8% borderline IgG only), only a single case of a falsely positive IgM was observed for the anti-nucleocapsid assay as expected due to this assay's specificity. Positive anti-spike protein antibodies were already detectable in the second week after the first dose of vaccination, with higher titers after the second dose of the vaccine. In conclusion, the combined application of anti-spike protein-based serology and anti-nucleocapsid-based serology will provide a useful option for the discrimination of vaccination response and natural infection.